Abstract: Geological inclusions serve as microscopic windows for probing deep Earth processes and their shallow responses. However, their micrometer-scale dimensions and encapsulation within host minerals pose significant challenges for in situ microanalysis. Raman spectroscopy, with its high spatial resolution, non-destructive nature, and visualization capabilities, has emerged as a core technique for the in situ analysis of inclusions. This paper presents a systematic review of recent advances in Raman spectroscopic analysis, categorized according to homogeneous and heterogeneous inclusion types: (1) For homogeneous inclusions, the laser Raman shift of mineral inclusions can be utilized to reconstruct the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions at the time of entrapment. Quantitative calibration methods based on volatile-bearing glass standards enable precise determination of key volatile species (e.g., H₂O, CO₂, SO₂) in melt inclusions. Moreover, by calculating the Raman scattering cross-sections of each component in complex C-H-O-N-S fluid systems, the physicochemical parameters of fluid inclusions (e.g., molar concentration, density, salinity) can be accurately obtained. (2) For multiphase inclusions, two-dimensional Raman imaging can clearly resolve the spatial distribution of different phases within inclusions. Combined with three-dimensional imaging and quantitative compositional algorithms, this approach enables the full chemical reconstruction of multiphase inclusions. Collectively, the integration of quantitative Raman analysis and three-dimensional imaging constitutes a comprehensive in situ micro-analytical system for tiny geological inclusions. This framework provides critical quantitative constraints on fundamental geological issues, such as deep magmatic processes, crust-mantle interactions, global volatile cycles, and critical metal mineralization, thereby significantly advancing our understanding of the coupled relationship between deep Earth processes and shallow material responses.