Abstract: This article reviews the current state of pollution and analytical techniques for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various environmental media. PFASs are widely present in soil, water, and the atmosphere, with groundwater pollution being particularly severe. The persistence, mobility, and bioaccumulation of PFASs pose significant challenges for remediation efforts, threatening ecological safety and human health. The complexity of groundwater environments and the diversity of PFASs present challenges for monitoring and remediation. In terms of PFASs detection technologies, significant progress has been made in recent years; the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has greatly enhanced the sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution of detections, especially with non-targeted screening techniques that can identify new and unknown PFASs. However, current technologies still have limitations, such as the need for improved sensitivity in detecting ultra-low concentrations of PFASs, and the lack of standardized analytical methods restricts the reliability and comparability of data. Future research is recommended to focus on enhancing the sensitivity of PFASs detection technologies, establishing unified analytical standards, and incorporating tools such as artificial intelligence to assist in analysis, in order to effectively address the environmental and health challenges posed by PFASs pollution.