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基于矿物溶解实验的砂岩次生孔隙定量计算模型及应用

Quantitative Calculation Model for the Secondary Porosity of Sandstone Based on Mineral Dissolution Experiment and Its Application

  • 摘要: 次生孔隙形成机制及定量评价是深层储层研究的核心内容。本文根据东营凹陷民丰洼陷沙四段储层的现今温压条件以及对应地层水特征,利用高温高压地球化学实验模拟系统对储层地层水中矿物的溶解-沉淀行为进行了实验模拟。实验结果表明,在现今地层水和温压条件下,石英、斜长石可以发生溶蚀作用,且溶解度随着温度的升高而增大;而方解石发生胶结作用,其沉淀量随着温度升高变化不大,总体集中在70×10−3g/L左右。基于实验模拟结果,在充分考虑地层的渗流速率、沉淀速度、埋藏时间、孔隙度等因素下,建立了砂岩储层溶蚀次生孔隙数学模型。依据数学模型计算得出,丰8井中CaCl2水型在171℃矿物溶蚀对储层孔隙度的贡献值最大,为2.5235%,是模拟深度范围内最有利于次生孔隙带发育带。模型计算表明,渗流速率是影响次生溶蚀孔隙发育的主要因素。实际储层的成岩现象与实验模拟结果具有良好的相关性,存在明显的石英和长石溶解,碳酸盐矿物以胶结物、交代物形式发育。本文建立的砂岩次生孔隙定量计算模型可以基于矿物溶解度、矿物含量、储层温压条件和地层水化学特征,对深层次生孔隙发育带进行定量预测。

     

    Abstract: The formation mechanism and quantitative evaluation of secondary pore is the key problem for deep sandstone reservoirs. The experiments on dissolution-precipitation behavior of formation water and minerals in reservoirs were carried out by using high temperature and pressure geochemical experimental simulation system based on the present temperature and pressure conditions of Minfeng sub-sag in Dongying depression and the corresponding formation water characteristics. The experimental results show that under the current formation water and temperature pressure conditions, quartz and plagioclase could undergo dissolution, and the solubility increased with the increase of temperature, while calcite underwent cementation, and its growth rate changed little with the increase of temperature, generally concentrated at around 70×10−3g/L. Based on the experimental simulation results, taking into account factors such as permeability flow velocity, precipitation velocity, burial time, porosity and other factors of the formation, a mathematical model of secondary porosity due to dissolution of sandstone reservoirs was established. According to the mathematical model calculation, the CaCl2 water type at 171℃ in Feng 8 well had the maximum contribution value of 2.52% to the physical properties of the reservoir, which was the most favorable water type and temperature for the development of secondary porosity zone within the simulation depth range of this well. The model calculation showed that the seepage rate was the main factor affecting the development of secondary dissolution pores. Combined with the diagenetic phenomenon of actual reservoirs in Feng 8 well, it had good correlation and obvious dissolution of quartz and feldspar, development of carbonate minerals in the form of cementation and metasomatism, which was consistent with the experimental simulation results. Based on mineral solubility, mineral content, reservoir temperature and pressure conditions and formation water chemistry, the quantitative calculation model established in this paper can predict the deep secondary pore development zone.

     

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