镉稳定同位素研究进展
中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院, 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430074 |
Research Progress of Cadmium Stable Isotopes
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China |
摘要：Cd具有挥发性和亲硫性，在海洋环境中Cd为微量营养元素，而在生态环境及农业土壤环境中Cd为有毒元素。因此，Cd同位素被用于海洋科学、地球科学、环境科学及农业科学研究，并展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文总结了近年来对富含有机质的环境样品、植物样品及生物样品的消解方法、Cd分离纯化及双稀释剂校正方法的研究进展。采用微波、高压灰化和高氯酸消解等均可消去有机质对Cd同位素测定的影响；基于AG MP-1（M）树脂-盐酸淋洗体系可有效分离基体及干扰元素，不会导致Cd同位素分馏；111Cd-113Cd同位素双稀释剂校正体系测试精度高，可达0.1εCd/amu。本文还阐述了Cd同位素在海洋科学、地球科学、环境科学及农业科学领域研究的最新进展和认识。Cd同位素成功用于构建海洋生物地球化学Cd循环体系、反演古海洋环境及初级生产力变化，硫化物矿床成矿流体演化、成矿物质来源示踪及不同成因矿床类型判别研究，环境体系Cd污染源的源区判别、农田面源Cd来源及其运移、循环及储存机制研究。本文提出需要进一步开展Cd同位素分馏机制及分馏模型的研究，构建Cd稳定同位素地球化学体系。
Research Progress of Cadmium Stable Isotopes
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a volatile element with chalcophile affinity. In the marine environment, Cd is a micronutrient element, while in the ecological environment and agricultural soil environment, Cd is a toxic element. Therefore, Cd isotopes have been used in marine science, earth science, environmental science, and agricultural scientific research, and show great application potential.
OBJECTIVES: To summarize the high-precision analytical technology and applications of Cd isotopes in different research fields.
METHODS: The recent research progress in digestion methods, separation and purification of Cd, and double-spikes calibration methods for organic matter-rich environmental samples, plant samples and biological samples were summarized.
RESULTS: For organic matter-rich samples including environmental, plant and biological samples, microwave digestion, high-pressure ashing and perchloric acid digestion can eliminate the influence of organic matter in Cd isotope analysis. Combined AG MP-1(M) resin with hydrochloric acid leaching system can effectively separate the matrix and interfering elements, which will not result in Cd isotope fractionation. The precision of Cd isotope with 111Cd-113Cd isotope double-spike correction was around 0.1εCd/amu. The application of Cd isotopes in marine science, geoscience, environmental science, and agricultural science were also summarized in this paper. Cadmium isotopes were used successfully for building marine biological geochemistry cycles, inversion of ancient marine environments and primary productivity change. In sulfide deposits, Cd isotopes were used to trace the evolution of ore fluids and the source of ore metals, and to discriminate different deposit types. In environmental systems, Cd isotopes were applied to distinguish Cd pollution sources, and to investigate Cd sources, migration, circulation and storage mechanisms in agricultural sciences.
CONCLUSIONS: The research of the high-precision Cd isotope analytical method and Cd isotope fractionation mechanism and model, will promote to establishment the tracer system of Cd isotope biogeochemistry fractionation and innovative development of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry.
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