Abstract: Progresses on study of phosphorus species and its speciation analysis in the aquatic environment were reviewed. The classification on phosphorus species in aquatic environment and sediments, pretreatment and sequential extraction procedures for various phosphorus species and the analytical methods for phosphorus species were emphatically introduced. The applications for the phosphorus speciation analysis were summarized and the development trends in this area are also prospected. In all, it is significantly important for understanding the phosphorus species existed and the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus in aquatic environment. 53 references were cited.