Abstract: Xinyang chestnut is one of the famous farm products in Henan province. Due to little geochemistry research on soil for Xinyang chestnut growth, theoretical basis of chestnut cultivation and planning is lacking. In order to reveal the relationship between the quality of Xinyang chestnut and the geochemical environment by using correlation analysis, geochemical elements of the soil samples in the chestnut-growing areas were analyzed and are reported in this paper. The results show that there are positive correlations between the quality of chestnut and soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, pH value, total N, ammonia state N, available Zn, Cu, Mn, and B. Very strong relationships were found between the quality of chestnut and available Zn, Cu, Mn, and B. Therefore, the quality of chestnut will be improved by increasing the contents of these elements in the soil when the PH value is in the range of 5 to 6. The research results also indicate that there is a negative correlation between quality of chestnut and soil bulk density, available P and K. Although the application of P and K may improve chestnut production, the high available P and K will reduce the quality. Furthermore, available B in the study area was lower than the threshold for soil, which was a key factor to control the quality of chestnut. The research results provide the scientific basis for quality improvement, industry distribution, scientific management and reasonable fertilization for Xinyang chestnuts.