水化学找矿法及其在大型资源基地绿色调查中的应用——以川西九龙地区地表水化学找矿为例
1. 自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价国家重点实验室, 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037; |
2. 四川省地质矿产勘查开发局地质矿产科学研究所, 四川 成都 610036; |
3. 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083 |
Hydrochemical Prospecting and Its Application in Green Investigation for the Large Mineral Resource Base: A Case Study from Jiulong Area in Western Sichuan Province
1. Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; |
2. Geology and Mineral Resources Scientific Institute of Sichuan Exploration Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610036, China; |
3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China |
摘要：绿色调查是川西大型锂铍资源基地综合调查评价工作的主要内容之一，“战略性新兴产业矿产调查”工程积极倡导绿色调查新理论新方法在大型资源基地勘查开发中的应用，对贯彻落实“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”新发展理念具有实际意义。本文梳理了水化学找矿法的发展历程与现状，以解决水化学找矿法在矿产勘查及环境调查评价中的应用存在的主要问题为研究目标，通过对川西九龙湿润半湿润高寒山区水化学综合调查评价工作的方法实践，野外现场运用WTW3430多参数测试仪测定了地表水的温度（T）、pH值、电导率（EC）、溶解氧（DO）、总溶解性固体（TDS）五个参数，结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了锂铍铷锶镍钨钪等微量元素含量。研究结果表明：研究区水体中的锂硼锶镍含量明显高于背景值，60件样品中17%的样品以上微量元素含量超过异常下限（7.76μg/L），其中流经乌拉溪岩体东南角（石头沟）的水体锂含量达到最大值20.1μg/L，是研究区水体锂含量背景值的4.5倍，是异常下限的2.6倍，与矿化的关系密切，其明显的变化规律可作为水化学找锂的找矿标志。研究区内乌拉溪岩体东南部及洛莫岩体周边水体水化学异常与矿化关系明显，可作为下一步详细调查的远景区。研究认为，在当前环境保护战略地位不断提升、绿色勘查力度持续加大、资源调查与环境保护并重的现实条件下，水化学方法对前期找矿部署有指导性重要意义。研究成果为解决川西高原生态脆弱区找矿部署与环境保护瓶颈等实际问题提供了参考依据。
Hydrochemical Prospecting and Its Application in Green Investigation for the Large Mineral Resource Base: A Case Study from Jiulong Area in Western Sichuan Province
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Green investigation is one of the main contents of the comprehensive investigation and evaluation work of large-scale lithium and beryllium resource bases in western Sichuan. The ‘Strategic Emerging Industry Mineral Investigation’ project actively advocates the application of new theories and methods of green investigation in the exploration and development of large-scale resource bases. It is of practical significance for the new development concept of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing.
OBJECTIVES: To summarize the development history and current situation of the hydrochemical prospecting method. To apply the method at the comprehensive investigation and evaluation of water chemistry in the humid and semi-humid alpine mountainous areas in Jiulong, West Sichuan. To solve the main problems of the hydrochemical prospecting method in mineral exploration and environmental investigation.
METHODS: The temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids (TDS) of surface water were measured by field WTW3430 multi-parameter tester. The contents of trace elements such as Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Ni, W and Sc were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
RESULTS: The content of lithium, boron, strontium and nickel in the water body of the study area was significantly higher than the background value. Among the 60 samples, more than 17% of the samples had contents of trace elements in excess of the abnormal lower limit (7.76μg/L). The lithium content of the water body flowing through the southeast corner of the Wulaxi rock mass (Shitougou) reached the maximum value of 20.1μg/L, which was 4.5 times the background value of the water body lithium content in the study area and 2.6 times the abnormal lower limit. These anomalies were closely related to mineralization, and its obvious change law can be used as a hydrochemical lithium search prospecting sign. The southeastern part of the Wulaxi pluton and the surrounding water body of the Lomo Pluton had an obvious relationship with mineralization, which can be used as a prospective area for the next detailed investigation.
CONCLUSIONS: Under the current conditions of continuous improvement of the strategic position of environmental protection, continuous increase of green exploration efforts, and equal emphasis on resource investigation and environmental protection, hydrochemical methods have important guiding significance for early prospecting deployment. The research results provide a reference for solving practical problems such as prospecting deployment and environmental protection bottlenecks in the ecologically fragile areas of the Western Sichuan Plateau.
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