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伊芹, 程皝, 尚文郁. 土壤硒的存在特征及分析测试技术研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2021, 40(4): 461-475. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202006230095
引用本文: 伊芹, 程皝, 尚文郁. 土壤硒的存在特征及分析测试技术研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2021, 40(4): 461-475. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202006230095
YI Qin, CHENG Huang, SHANG Wen-yu. Review on Characteristics of Selenium in Soil and Related Analytical Techniques[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(4): 461-475. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202006230095
Citation: YI Qin, CHENG Huang, SHANG Wen-yu. Review on Characteristics of Selenium in Soil and Related Analytical Techniques[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(4): 461-475. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202006230095

土壤硒的存在特征及分析测试技术研究进展

Review on Characteristics of Selenium in Soil and Related Analytical Techniques

  • 摘要: 硒是重要的生命健康微量元素之一,土壤硒的空间异质性是造成各种病害和环境问题的主要原因。全球土壤硒分布不均匀,大部分属于低硒土壤,土壤硒含量平均值为0.4mg/kg,典型高硒地区土壤硒含量为346~2018mg/kg。准确分析土壤硒含量是开展土壤硒研究的基础,土壤样品来源特征和硒存在形式是土壤硒分析测试方法的选择依据,合理使用标准物质能够有效监控分析质量。本文阐述了土壤硒的主要来源、分布特征和存在形式,总结了近年来土壤硒形态提取方法、硒含量分析技术研究进展和土壤硒标准物质研制现状。指出当前对硒迁移转化机理研究尚不完善,分步提取态的提出为研究土壤硒形态分布和迁移转化提供了新途径,但因未能完全解决提取专一性和提取过程中硒形态转化的问题,该方法仍在进一步发展。光谱技术尤其是原子荧光光谱是中国分析土壤硒含量的主流方法;高精密度、低检出限的质谱技术,以及具备原位形态分析能力的同步辐射X射线技术,在超痕量分析和形态分析领域具有显著优势。针对当前具有硒含量定值的土壤标准物质能覆盖的土壤基体和硒含量的范围有限,本文提出有待加强研制具备硒梯度含量变化和硒形态含量定值的系列标准物质,以满足分析质量监控需求。

     

    Abstract:
    BACKGROUNDSelenium is an essential micronutrient for humans. The spatial heterogeneity of selenium in soil is the main cause of various diseases and environmental problems. Selenium in soil is unevenly distributed across the globe, with most soils being low in selenium. Globally, the average selenium content in soil is 0.4mg/kg, while it is 346-2018mg/kg in typical high-selenium areas. Thus, accurate analysis of selenium in soil is of great significance in research on seleniferous soil. The reasonable use of reference materials can aid in the effective monitoring of the quality of analysis.
    OBJECTIVESTo summarize the status of research on selenium in soil, and the development of the corresponding analytical methods and reference materials.
    METHODSThis article describes the distribution characteristics, speciation, and migration and transformation characteristics of selenium in soil. Furthermore, the methods for extracting selenium speciation in soil, the progress of research on selenium content analysis technology, and the status of the development of soil selenium reference materials in recent years are summarized.
    RESULTSBecause of limited advancements in the development of analytical techniques, research on the mechanism of migration and transformation is still incomplete. The emergence of sequential extraction techniques provides a new way to study the distribution, migration, and transformation of soil selenium speciation. However, this method is still under development and has many shortcomings, such as inadequate selectivity and inevitable speciation transformation. Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy is the mainstream approach for the analysis of selenium content in soil, especially in China. Mass spectrometry, with high precision and a low detection limit, and synchrotron radiation X-ray technology, with in-situ speciation analysis capabilities, offer significant advantages in the analysis of trace and ultra-trace elements and speciation analysis. There is a significant gap in the research on reference materials with gradient content and certified speciation content.
    CONCLUSIONSMethods with a low detection limit, high sensitivity, and matrix interference resistance are urgently needed. The combined application of sequential extraction, mass spectrometry, and X-ray fluorescence can promote research on selenium in soil. Moreover, related certified reference materials with gradient content and certified speciation content are in short supply.

     

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