广州新垦莲藕产区莲藕品质与地球化学条件的关系

顾涛; 朱晓华; 赵信文; 江拓; 邱啸飞; 郑小战; 帅琴

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202109290136

广州新垦莲藕产区莲藕品质与地球化学条件的关系

Relationship between Lotus Root Quality and Geochemical Conditions in the Xinken Lotus Root Producing Area of Guangzhou

摘要

摘要: 名优特农产品品质与产区环地质背景条件密切相关。广州新垦莲藕是国家地理标志产品，探讨其产区地质背景与莲藕品质的关系对于新垦莲藕的规模化种植有重要意义。本文通过系统采集新垦莲藕产地藕塘底泥、地表水、新鲜莲藕样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法（ICP-MS/OES）等多种技术进行测试，开展品质评价研究，初步揭示了新垦莲藕品质与产区环境地球化学条件之间的相关性。研究结果表明：藕塘底泥中营养元素锰、锌、钼、钴、钒、铁均处在一等（丰富）等级，硒以适量和高硒等级为主，重金属铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值；藕塘地表水中铜、锌、硒、硼、汞、镉、砷、六价铬、铅、镍等指标均满足灌溉水质要求；产出的新垦莲藕淀粉、可溶性糖、钾、磷、钙、镁、铁、锌、硒的含量较高，重金属和粗纤维含量较低；莲藕对底泥中不同元素生物富集系数平均值范围为0.0484~65.67，对磷的富集能力最强，对锗的富集能力最弱。藕塘底泥中硼与莲藕中淀粉显著正相关（p≤0.05），钙与蛋白质显著性正相关，砷与可溶性糖显著负相关。藕塘底泥中硼钴铁镁锰钒钙锗的含量较高，有利于莲藕营养组分的积累，产出高品质的莲藕。本文提出在种植过程中重视有机质、钙、氮和锗等养分的补充，关注镉和砷带来的潜在生态安全风险。

Abstract:
BACKGROUNDEnvironmental geochemical conditions affect the quality of famous and special agricultural products. Xinken lotus root is the national product of geographical indication. Exploring the relationship between the geological background of the production area and the quality of lotus root is of great significance to the large-scale planting of Xinken lotus root.
OBJECTIVESTo reveal the correlation between the quality of lotus root and the environmental geochemical characteristics in the producing area.
METHODSSediment, surface water and fresh lotus root in the Xinken area were systematically sampled and analyzed.
RESULTSThe concentrations of nutrients, i.e., Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, V and Fe, in the sediment of the lotus root pond were high, in the first grade (rich) level. Selenium was mainly in proper amounts and high selenium grade. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were lower than those of the soil pollution risk threshold of agricultural land. Cu, Zn, Se, B, Hg, Cd, As, Cr(Ⅵ), Pb and Ni in surface water of the lotus pond met the requirement for irrigation water quality. The lotus root was rich in starch, soluble sugar, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Se, and the contents of heavy metals and crude fiber were low. The average bioaccumulation coefficients of lotus root for different elements ranged from 0.0484 to 65.67. The enrichment ability of P was the strongest and that of Ge was the weakest. There was a significant positive correlation between B and starch in lotus root pond sediment (p ≤ 0.05), between Ca and protein, while a significant negative correlation between As and soluble sugar. The contents of B, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, V, Ca and Ge in the sediment of the lotus pond were high, which was beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in lotus root, and thus production of safe and high-quality lotus roots.
CONCLUSIONSImportance should be attached to the supplement of organic matter, Ca, N and Ge in the lotus pond during the planting process and more attention to the potential ecological security risks caused by Cd and As.

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