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李超, 王登红, 屈文俊, 孟会明, 周利敏, 樊兴涛, 李欣尉, 赵鸿, 温宏利, 孙鹏程. 关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(5): 658-669. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115
引用本文: 李超, 王登红, 屈文俊, 孟会明, 周利敏, 樊兴涛, 李欣尉, 赵鸿, 温宏利, 孙鹏程. 关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(5): 658-669. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115
LI Chao, WANG Deng-hong, QU Wen-jun, MENG Hui-ming, ZHOU Li-min, FAN Xing-tao, LI Xin-wei, ZHAO Hong, WEN Hong-li, SUN Peng-cheng. A Review and Perspective on Analytical Methods of Critical Metal Elements[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 658-669. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115
Citation: LI Chao, WANG Deng-hong, QU Wen-jun, MENG Hui-ming, ZHOU Li-min, FAN Xing-tao, LI Xin-wei, ZHAO Hong, WEN Hong-li, SUN Peng-cheng. A Review and Perspective on Analytical Methods of Critical Metal Elements[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 658-669. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115

关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展

A Review and Perspective on Analytical Methods of Critical Metal Elements

  • 摘要: 以稀有、稀散、稀土、铂族元素为主体的战略性关键金属矿产资源,在新材料、新能源和信息技术等新兴产业中发挥着越来越关键的作用。随着我国关键矿产资源地质调查的不断深入,关键金属元素以其赋存基体复杂、不同矿物含量差异大、化学性质不稳定等特点对分析测试技术提出了新的挑战。本文根据化学组成不同,对关键金属元素主要赋存基体进行了分类,主要分为硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、钨酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、卤化物等。对于不同的基体岩石矿物,通常采用酸溶法(硝酸-氢氟酸组合、王水)或碱熔法等传统溶样方法进行化学消解。评述了当前关键金属元素测试常用的电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线荧光光谱等仪器的特点及应用,总结了关键金属元素分析过程中出现的样品难溶解、回收率不完全、测试过程氧化物和同质异位素干扰、样品和标准基体不一致等常见问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。微区原位分析凭借其高效率、低成本、高空间分辨率的优势,以及野外现场分析凭借其简单快速、贴近野外工作的特点是关键金属元素测试技术发展的主要趋势。

     

    Abstract:
    BACKGROUNDStrategic critical metal mineral resources including rare, dispersed, rare earth and platinum group elements play an increasingly critical role in emerging industries such as new materials, new energy and information technology. With the deepening of the geological survey of key mineral resources in China, the critical metal elements present new challenges to analytical techniques due to their complex matrix, large differences in different mineral contents, and unstable chemical properties.
    OBJECTIVESTo introduce recent analytical techniques and applications for critical metal elements in different types of geological samples.
    METHODSBased on different chemical composition, the main matrices of critical metal elements were classified, mainly divided into silicate, carbonate, sulfate, tungstate, phosphate, oxide, sulfide and halide. For different types of rocks and minerals, chemical digestion was largely carried out by traditional dissolution methods such as the acid dissolution method (nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid combination, aqua regia) or alkali fusion methods.
    RESULTSThe characteristics and application of commonly used instruments including electronic probe microanalyzer, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were reviewed. The problems during critical metal analysis including incomplete dissolution, low recovery, oxides and isobaric interference, inconsistency between samples and standard matrices were reviewed and corresponding solutions were proposed.
    CONCLUSIONSIn situ microanalysis with the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and high spatial resolution, and field on-site geoanalysis with its simple, fast and close to field work features are the main trends in the development of critical metal elements analytical techniques.

     

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