中文核心期刊

中国科技核心期刊

CSCD来源期刊

DOAJ 收录

Scopus 收录

何玉君, 孙梦荷, 沈亚婷, 帅琴, 罗立强. 超富集植物与重金属相互作用机制及应用研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(5): 639-657. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004140048
引用本文: 何玉君, 孙梦荷, 沈亚婷, 帅琴, 罗立强. 超富集植物与重金属相互作用机制及应用研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(5): 639-657. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004140048
HE Yu-jun, SUN Meng-he, SHEN Ya-ting, SHUAI Qin, LUO Li-qiang. Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism between Hyperaccumulator and Heavy Metals and Its Application[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 639-657. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004140048
Citation: HE Yu-jun, SUN Meng-he, SHEN Ya-ting, SHUAI Qin, LUO Li-qiang. Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism between Hyperaccumulator and Heavy Metals and Its Application[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 639-657. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004140048

超富集植物与重金属相互作用机制及应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism between Hyperaccumulator and Heavy Metals and Its Application

  • 摘要: 社会发展过程中对矿产资源的勘查和开采利用所带来的重金属污染已对生态系统和人类健康造成严重威胁。超富集植物对重金属具有超富集、超耐受能力,是降低环境重金属污染、保障人类健康、实现绿色矿产勘查的有效途径,在植物修复、植物采矿和植物找矿中已获得了广泛应用。深入探索超富集植物的富集和耐受机制,揭示重金属-植物相互作用规律,提高植物对重金属的富集能力,是当前国际上研究热点。本文在简要介绍重金属对植物作用的基础上,阐述了重金属诱导氧化应激机制,重点关注重金属超富集植物富集机理研究,对其在解毒和耐受机制等领域的研究进展进行了评述。当前研究认为:①对超富集植物而言,根系分泌物与根际微生物的共同作用促进了重金属溶解,经共质体、质外体途径吸收后,重金属通过木质部向上转运,并隔离在液泡中,实现对重金属的超富集;②重金属通过与小分子有机酸、细胞壁、植物螯合肽结合,以及液泡隔离,可降低细胞质中游离金属离子浓度,增强植物耐受性;③重金属胁迫下,植物将激活多种特异性抗氧化酶,抵御氧化应激反应,实现对重金属的超耐受。④本文分析认为,植物中砷诱导的氧化应激反应机制可能是由砷的还原与甲基化过程及Haber-Weiss反应三部分构成。对重金属超富集植物的富集与耐受过程所涉及的生理与生化作用进行深入研究,揭示关键性影响因素与相关规律,寻找提升其特异性富集与指示能力的有效途径,将有助于超富集植物研究与应用向纵深发展。

     

    Abstract:
    BACKGROUNDHeavy metal pollution caused by the exploitation of mineral resources in the social development has caused serious threats to the ecosystem and human health. Hyperaccumulating plants have super-enrichment and super-tolerance capabilities for heavy metals, which is an effective way to reduce environmental heavy metal pollution, protect human health, and realize green mineral exploration. It has been widely used in phytoremediation, plant mining and plant prospecting.
    OBJECTIVESTo better understand the enrichment and tolerance mechanisms of hyperaccumulating plants, reveal the principles of heavy metal-plant interactions, and improve the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals.
    METHODSBased on a brief description of the effects of heavy metals on plants, the focus of this article is the accumulation mechanism of heavy metal hyperaccumulation plants, and a review of the progress in the fields of detoxification and tolerance mechanisms.
    RESULTS(1) The root exudates of hyperaccumulator and microorganisms work together to promote the dissolution of heavy metals. After being absorbed by the symplastic and apoplastic pathways, the heavy metals are transported upwards to aerial parts through xylem, and segregated in vacuoles, achieving the hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. (2) Concentration of free metal ions in cytoplasm can be reduced by combining heavy metals with small molecular organic acids, cell walls, phytochelatins and vacuole isolation, which increases plant tolerance. (3) Under heavy metal stress, plants activate a variety of specific antioxidant enzymes to resist oxidative stress and achieve hypertolerance on heavy metals. (4) A possible mechanism is suggested that arsenic-induced oxidative stress in plants should be composed of arsenic reduction and methylation, and Haber-Weiss reaction.
    CONCLUSIONSIn-depth research on the physiological and biochemical processes involved in hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance of hyperaccumulator reveals key factors and related principles. Finding effective ways to improve their specific accumulation and indication capabilities will contribute to the research and application of hyperaccumulators to develop in depth.

     

/

返回文章
返回